Benchmarks

This section reports the runtime overhead of the Boost.SafeNumbers types relative to the equivalent built-in types, and shows how to run the benchmarks yourself.

Each table compares three contenders at a fixed width:

  • the built-in C++ type, which is the baseline (std::uint32_t, int128_t, double, and so on),

  • Boost.SafeNumbers (boost::sn::u32, boost::sn::i128, boost::sn::f64, and so on), and

  • Boost.SafeNumerics (safe<uint32_t> and similar) for the integer benchmarks.

Each cell reports the time per element in nanoseconds (ns/op), taken as the median across repetitions. The Ratio column is how many times longer the wrapper takes than the built-in type of the same width: 1.00 means parity with the built-in type, and a larger value means the wrapper is slower. Because the baseline differs by width, every table states the type it is measured against.

Boost.SafeNumerics has no floating-point type and no 128-bit type, so the floating-point and 128-bit tables list only the built-in type and Boost.SafeNumbers. See Comparisons for the details of that limitation.

How to run the Benchmarks

The benchmarks live in test/benchmarks/ and are built with Google Benchmark. They are not part of the default build: configure with -DBOOST_SAFE_NUMBERS_BUILD_BENCHMARKS=ON, which pulls Google Benchmark in with CMake FetchContent so no system install is required.

From a Boost tree that has the dependencies in place:

cmake -S . -B __build__ -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF \
  -DBOOST_INCLUDE_LIBRARIES="safe_numbers;safe_numerics;random" \
  -DBOOST_SAFE_NUMBERS_BUILD_BENCHMARKS=ON
cmake --build __build__ --config Release \
  --target benchmark_unsigned_operations benchmark_signed_operations benchmark_float_operations
./__build__/libs/safe_numbers/test/benchmarks/benchmark_unsigned_operations --benchmark_repetitions=5

The benchmarks.yml GitHub Actions workflow runs the same build across a spread of native runners, emits each suite’s JSON, and renders the per-platform sections below with test/benchmarks/render_results.py.

Methodology

Each benchmark fills a vector of 1,000,000 random values once, outside the timed region, and then for every operation evaluates op(vec[i], vec[i + 1]) across the whole vector. Each element’s result is passed through benchmark::DoNotOptimize, so the work cannot be elided, while the code is compiled at -O2 with inlining intact. That distinction matters: compiling the loop without optimization would turn the wrapper’s inline operators into real function calls and grossly overstate their cost, so the benchmarks deliberately measure optimized code. Google Benchmark picks the iteration count automatically and repeats the timing; the reported figure is the median time per element.

The integer benchmarks draw values uniformly from [1, width_in_bits - 1] and sort them in descending order. Keeping the operands small and ordered means addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulo all stay on the non-overflow, non-throwing path, so the measurement reflects the cost of the safety checks rather than the cost of throwing. The floating-point benchmarks draw values uniformly from [1, 100] and measure addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

The numbers come from shared CI runners and reflect a single run each, so treat small differences as noise. The repetition count and median reporting keep the central figure stable, but they cannot remove the variance inherent to a shared virtual machine.

Linux x64

Run on the GitHub Actions ubuntu-latest runner using GCC 14 in release mode (-O2, C++20).

Floating-Point

Table 1. 32-bit floating point (ratio relative to float)
Operation float (ns/op) boost::sn::f32 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.94

1.14

1.21

Subtraction

0.94

1.14

1.22

Multiplication

0.94

1.11

1.18

Division

0.94

1.22

1.29
Table 2. 64-bit floating point (ratio relative to double)
Operation double (ns/op) boost::sn::f64 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.94

1.12

1.19

Subtraction

0.94

1.13

1.20

Multiplication

0.94

1.11

1.18

Division

1.41

1.42

1.00

Signed Integers

Table 3. 8-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int8_t)
Operation std::int8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.54

0.62

1.16

0.67

1.25

Subtraction

0.53

0.62

1.18

0.67

1.26

Multiplication

0.62

0.62

1.00

0.69

1.10

Division

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00

Modulo

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00
Table 4. 16-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int16_t)
Operation std::int16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.50

0.62

1.25

0.69

1.37

Subtraction

0.50

0.63

1.25

0.68

1.37

Multiplication

0.76

0.72

0.94

0.72

0.94

Division

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00

Modulo

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00
Table 5. 32-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int32_t)
Operation std::int32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.50

0.63

1.24

0.64

1.26

Subtraction

0.50

0.63

1.25

0.68

1.35

Multiplication

0.59

0.64

1.08

0.93

1.58

Division

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00

Modulo

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00
Table 6. 64-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int64_t)
Operation std::int64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.51

0.63

1.23

0.70

1.38

Subtraction

0.51

0.63

1.24

0.67

1.32

Multiplication

0.59

0.69

1.16

2.81

4.72

Division

2.18

2.18

1.00

2.18

1.00

Modulo

2.19

2.19

1.00

2.18

1.00
Table 7. 128-bit signed (ratio relative to int128_t)
Operation int128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.20

2.11

0.96

Subtraction

1.88

2.05

1.10

Multiplication

2.90

3.13

1.08

Division

5.63

6.26

1.11

Modulo

6.56

7.19

1.10

Unsigned Integers

Table 8. 8-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint8_t)
Operation std::uint8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.54

0.65

1.21

0.73

1.36

Subtraction

0.63

0.62

1.00

0.62

1.00

Multiplication

0.43

0.72

1.66

0.68

1.58

Division

1.25

1.25

1.00

1.87

1.50

Modulo

1.25

1.25

1.00

1.87

1.50
Table 9. 16-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint16_t)
Operation std::uint16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.50

0.62

1.25

0.67

1.33

Subtraction

0.50

0.62

1.25

0.63

1.25

Multiplication

0.59

0.94

1.59

0.94

1.59

Division

1.25

1.25

1.00

1.87

1.50

Modulo

1.25

1.25

1.00

1.87

1.50
Table 10. 32-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint32_t)
Operation std::uint32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.51

0.62

1.24

0.63

1.24

Subtraction

0.50

0.63

1.24

0.63

1.24

Multiplication

0.59

0.94

1.58

0.64

1.07

Division

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00

Modulo

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00
Table 11. 64-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint64_t)
Operation std::uint64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.51

0.63

1.23

0.63

1.23

Subtraction

0.51

0.63

1.23

0.63

1.23

Multiplication

0.60

0.94

1.58

0.82

1.37

Division

2.18

2.18

1.00

2.18

1.00

Modulo

2.18

2.18

1.00

2.18

1.00
Table 12. 128-bit unsigned (ratio relative to uint128_t)
Operation uint128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.93

2.70

1.40

Subtraction

1.89

3.42

1.81

Multiplication

2.83

2.32

0.82

Division

4.08

3.76

0.92

Modulo

4.15

4.09

0.99

Linux x86 (32-bit)

Run on the GitHub Actions ubuntu-latest runner using GCC 14 targeting 32-bit x86 (-m32) in release mode (-O2, C++20).

Floating-Point

Table 13. 32-bit floating point (ratio relative to float)
Operation float (ns/op) boost::sn::f32 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.09

2.19

1.05

Subtraction

2.08

2.19

1.06

Multiplication

2.08

2.19

1.06

Division

1.89

2.53

1.34
Table 14. 64-bit floating point (ratio relative to double)
Operation double (ns/op) boost::sn::f64 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

6.31

6.38

1.01

Subtraction

6.31

6.38

1.01

Multiplication

6.31

6.38

1.01

Division

6.32

6.21

0.98

Signed Integers

Table 15. 8-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int8_t)
Operation std::int8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.62

1.90

3.04

0.67

1.07

Subtraction

0.52

1.90

3.62

0.67

1.27

Multiplication

0.62

1.93

3.09

0.69

1.10

Division

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00

Modulo

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00
Table 16. 16-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int16_t)
Operation std::int16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.63

0.76

1.20

0.77

1.22

Subtraction

0.63

1.90

3.02

0.67

1.06

Multiplication

0.63

1.96

3.13

0.88

1.41

Division

1.87

1.90

1.02

1.87

1.00

Modulo

1.87

1.88

1.00

1.87

1.00
Table 17. 32-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int32_t)
Operation std::int32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.52

0.75

1.43

0.66

1.25

Subtraction

0.64

0.91

1.42

0.65

1.02

Multiplication

0.63

0.74

1.18

1.29

2.06

Division

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00

Modulo

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00
Table 18. 64-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int64_t)
Operation std::int64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.81

1.79

0.99

3.22

1.78

Subtraction

1.81

2.72

1.51

3.23

1.79

Multiplication

2.20

3.69

1.67

7.19

3.26

Division

4.78

5.89

1.23

5.68

1.19

Modulo

5.03

6.25

1.24

5.21

1.04
Table 19. 128-bit signed (ratio relative to int128_t)
Operation int128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

6.33

7.77

1.23

Subtraction

6.92

7.58

1.10

Multiplication

13.80

37.51

2.72

Division

12.30

13.57

1.10

Modulo

13.47

16.47

1.22

Unsigned Integers

Table 20. 8-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint8_t)
Operation std::uint8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.63

0.63

0.99

1.88

2.97

Subtraction

0.53

0.63

1.19

0.63

1.19

Multiplication

0.43

0.64

1.48

0.63

1.46

Division

1.25

1.25

1.00

1.87

1.50

Modulo

1.25

1.25

1.00

1.87

1.50
Table 21. 16-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint16_t)
Operation std::uint16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.63

0.64

1.01

1.89

2.99

Subtraction

0.63

0.73

1.16

0.57

0.91

Multiplication

0.44

1.89

4.32

1.99

4.56

Division

1.97

1.93

0.98

1.87

0.95

Modulo

1.89

1.92

1.01

1.87

0.99
Table 22. 32-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint32_t)
Operation std::uint32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.52

0.63

1.20

0.58

1.11

Subtraction

0.63

0.73

1.15

0.76

1.20

Multiplication

0.63

0.94

1.50

0.77

1.23

Division

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00

Modulo

1.87

1.87

1.00

1.87

1.00
Table 23. 64-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint64_t)
Operation std::uint64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.81

1.81

1.00

1.81

1.00

Subtraction

1.81

2.20

1.22

1.93

1.07

Multiplication

2.21

2.69

1.21

2.15

0.97

Division

4.38

4.61

1.05

4.53

1.03

Modulo

4.19

4.50

1.07

4.45

1.06
Table 24. 128-bit unsigned (ratio relative to uint128_t)
Operation uint128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

5.88

7.31

1.24

Subtraction

6.55

7.75

1.18

Multiplication

10.40

36.02

3.46

Division

15.65

21.62

1.38

Modulo

17.33

24.33

1.40

Linux ARM64

Run on the GitHub Actions ubuntu-24.04-arm runner using GCC 14 in release mode (-O2, C++20).

Floating-Point

Table 25. 32-bit floating point (ratio relative to float)
Operation float (ns/op) boost::sn::f32 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.71

1.03

1.45

Subtraction

0.71

1.03

1.45

Multiplication

0.79

1.18

1.49

Division

0.73

1.37

1.88
Table 26. 64-bit floating point (ratio relative to double)
Operation double (ns/op) boost::sn::f64 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.71

1.04

1.46

Subtraction

0.71

1.04

1.46

Multiplication

0.79

1.18

1.49

Division

1.48

1.75

1.19

Signed Integers

Table 27. 8-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int8_t)
Operation std::int8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.61

0.83

1.35

0.65

1.06

Subtraction

0.61

0.83

1.35

0.65

1.06

Multiplication

0.61

0.80

1.31

0.65

1.06

Division

1.65

1.69

1.03

1.68

1.02

Modulo

1.94

1.94

1.00

1.94

1.00
Table 28. 16-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int16_t)
Operation std::int16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.61

0.84

1.39

0.83

1.36

Subtraction

0.61

0.84

1.39

0.83

1.36

Multiplication

0.61

0.86

1.40

0.83

1.35

Division

1.69

1.72

1.02

1.82

1.07

Modulo

1.99

1.99

1.00

1.99

1.00
Table 29. 32-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int32_t)
Operation std::int32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.51

0.58

1.13

0.70

1.39

Subtraction

0.51

0.58

1.14

0.70

1.38

Multiplication

0.49

0.70

1.44

0.69

1.41

Division

1.74

1.72

0.99

1.73

0.99

Modulo

2.02

2.02

1.00

2.02

1.00
Table 30. 64-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int64_t)
Operation std::int64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.51

0.57

1.13

0.70

1.39

Subtraction

0.51

0.57

1.13

0.71

1.40

Multiplication

0.49

0.85

1.71

5.24

10.60

Division

1.76

1.74

0.99

1.74

0.99

Modulo

2.04

2.04

1.00

2.04

1.00
Table 31. 128-bit signed (ratio relative to int128_t)
Operation int128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.83

1.90

1.04

Subtraction

1.85

1.92

1.04

Multiplication

1.99

1.93

0.97

Division

5.08

5.30

1.04

Modulo

5.04

5.18

1.03

Unsigned Integers

Table 32. 8-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint8_t)
Operation std::uint8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.90

0.90

0.99

0.93

1.03

Subtraction

0.90

0.90

1.00

0.92

1.02

Multiplication

0.92

0.91

0.99

0.93

1.01

Division

1.65

1.65

1.00

1.64

0.99

Modulo

1.94

1.94

1.00

1.94

1.00
Table 33. 16-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint16_t)
Operation std::uint16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.89

0.89

1.00

0.91

1.02

Subtraction

0.88

0.89

1.00

0.89

1.00

Multiplication

0.90

0.88

0.99

0.95

1.06

Division

1.69

1.70

1.00

1.71

1.01

Modulo

1.99

1.99

1.00

1.99

1.00
Table 34. 32-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint32_t)
Operation std::uint32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.51

0.58

1.14

0.58

1.13

Subtraction

0.51

0.58

1.13

0.57

1.13

Multiplication

0.49

0.61

1.26

0.65

1.34

Division

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Modulo

2.02

2.02

1.00

2.02

1.00
Table 35. 64-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint64_t)
Operation std::uint64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

0.51

0.58

1.14

0.58

1.13

Subtraction

0.51

0.57

1.12

0.57

1.13

Multiplication

0.49

0.73

1.48

0.79

1.61

Division

1.76

1.76

1.00

1.76

1.00

Modulo

2.04

2.04

1.00

2.04

1.00
Table 36. 128-bit unsigned (ratio relative to uint128_t)
Operation uint128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.85

1.91

1.03

Subtraction

1.85

1.92

1.04

Multiplication

2.01

1.90

0.95

Division

4.67

4.70

1.01

Modulo

4.90

4.93

1.01

macOS ARM64

Run on the GitHub Actions macos-latest runner (Apple Silicon) using Apple Clang in release mode (-O2, C++20).

Floating-Point

Table 37. 32-bit floating point (ratio relative to float)
Operation float (ns/op) boost::sn::f32 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

3.66

3.76

1.03

Subtraction

3.66

3.46

0.95

Multiplication

3.66

3.80

1.04

Division

3.51

3.48

0.99
Table 38. 64-bit floating point (ratio relative to double)
Operation double (ns/op) boost::sn::f64 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

3.52

3.58

1.02

Subtraction

3.71

3.74

1.01

Multiplication

3.78

3.78

1.00

Division

3.64

3.69

1.01

Signed Integers

Table 39. 8-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int8_t)
Operation std::int8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.28

2.06

0.90

2.25

0.99

Subtraction

2.28

2.08

0.92

2.12

0.93

Multiplication

2.27

2.16

0.95

2.26

1.00

Division

2.21

2.06

0.93

2.29

1.03

Modulo

2.18

2.06

0.95

2.21

1.01
Table 40. 16-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int16_t)
Operation std::int16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.21

2.44

1.10

2.05

0.92

Subtraction

2.15

2.27

1.06

2.11

0.98

Multiplication

2.08

2.12

1.02

2.13

1.02

Division

2.29

2.28

0.99

2.08

0.91

Modulo

2.20

2.09

0.95

2.10

0.96
Table 41. 32-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int32_t)
Operation std::int32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.26

2.87

1.27

2.08

0.92

Subtraction

2.10

2.70

1.29

2.11

1.01

Multiplication

2.09

2.85

1.37

2.17

1.04

Division

2.16

2.88

1.33

2.11

0.98

Modulo

2.07

2.70

1.30

2.06

1.00
Table 42. 64-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int64_t)
Operation std::int64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.22

2.83

1.28

2.21

0.99

Subtraction

2.23

2.81

1.26

2.21

0.99

Multiplication

2.23

2.72

1.22

2.17

0.97

Division

2.27

2.69

1.19

2.19

0.96

Modulo

2.21

2.73

1.24

2.19

0.99
Table 43. 128-bit signed (ratio relative to int128_t)
Operation int128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.40

2.62

1.09

Subtraction

2.53

2.38

0.94

Multiplication

2.51

7.64

3.05

Division

6.97

8.22

1.18

Modulo

7.20

7.92

1.10

Unsigned Integers

Table 44. 8-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint8_t)
Operation std::uint8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.45

2.23

0.91

2.25

0.92

Subtraction

2.35

2.23

0.95

2.32

0.99

Multiplication

2.45

2.25

0.92

2.26

0.92

Division

2.41

2.24

0.93

2.26

0.94

Modulo

2.26

2.24

0.99

2.30

1.02
Table 45. 16-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint16_t)
Operation std::uint16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.23

2.33

1.04

2.26

1.01

Subtraction

2.41

2.27

0.94

2.21

0.91

Multiplication

2.57

2.41

0.94

2.07

0.81

Division

2.46

2.79

1.13

2.27

0.92

Modulo

2.51

2.21

0.88

2.19

0.87
Table 46. 32-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint32_t)
Operation std::uint32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.26

2.52

1.12

2.27

1.00

Subtraction

2.32

2.44

1.05

2.13

0.92

Multiplication

2.42

2.41

0.99

2.22

0.91

Division

2.26

2.44

1.08

2.24

0.99

Modulo

2.27

2.63

1.16

2.15

0.95
Table 47. 64-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint64_t)
Operation std::uint64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.12

2.65

1.25

2.07

0.98

Subtraction

2.30

2.52

1.09

2.07

0.90

Multiplication

2.38

2.48

1.04

2.20

0.93

Division

2.19

2.73

1.25

2.09

0.96

Modulo

2.22

2.70

1.21

2.21

0.99
Table 48. 128-bit unsigned (ratio relative to uint128_t)
Operation uint128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.57

2.43

0.94

Subtraction

2.67

2.61

0.98

Multiplication

2.55

2.65

1.04

Division

4.13

4.40

1.07

Modulo

4.28

4.47

1.04

Windows x64

Run on the GitHub Actions windows-latest runner using MSVC in release mode (/O2, C++20).

Floating-Point

Table 49. 32-bit floating point (ratio relative to float)
Operation float (ns/op) boost::sn::f32 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

3.65

3.65

1.00

Subtraction

3.65

3.91

1.07

Multiplication

3.82

3.65

0.95

Division

3.52

3.91

1.11
Table 50. 64-bit floating point (ratio relative to double)
Operation double (ns/op) boost::sn::f64 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

3.52

4.17

1.19

Subtraction

3.82

3.91

1.02

Multiplication

3.65

3.65

1.00

Division

3.82

3.91

1.02

Signed Integers

Table 51. 8-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int8_t)
Operation std::int8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.91

2.08

1.09

2.12

1.11

Subtraction

1.93

2.10

1.09

2.08

1.08

Multiplication

2.08

2.10

1.01

1.91

0.92

Division

2.26

2.43

1.08

2.26

1.00

Modulo

2.26

2.33

1.03

2.26

1.00
Table 52. 16-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int16_t)
Operation std::int16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.93

2.12

1.10

1.93

1.00

Subtraction

1.91

2.33

1.22

2.10

1.10

Multiplication

2.08

2.08

1.00

2.08

1.00

Division

2.33

2.43

1.04

2.33

1.00

Modulo

2.26

2.78

1.23

2.08

0.92
Table 53. 32-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int32_t)
Operation std::int32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.91

1.91

1.00

1.91

1.00

Subtraction

1.93

1.93

1.00

2.26

1.17

Multiplication

1.56

1.91

1.22

1.91

1.22

Division

1.91

2.89

1.52

2.26

1.18

Modulo

1.93

2.78

1.44

2.26

1.17
Table 54. 64-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int64_t)
Operation std::int64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.93

1.91

0.99

1.86

0.96

Subtraction

1.93

1.91

0.99

2.26

1.17

Multiplication

1.93

2.78

1.44

2.89

1.50

Division

2.10

2.12

1.01

2.26

1.08

Modulo

2.10

2.78

1.32

2.33

1.11
Table 55. 128-bit signed (ratio relative to int128_t)
Operation int128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

9.77

3.13

0.32

Subtraction

9.62

3.13

0.33

Multiplication

2.78

13.89

5.00

Division

10.82

13.89

1.28

Modulo

15.63

17.36

1.11

Unsigned Integers

Table 56. 8-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint8_t)
Operation std::uint8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.93

2.08

1.08

2.08

1.08

Subtraction

1.93

2.08

1.08

1.91

0.99

Multiplication

2.08

1.93

0.93

1.91

0.92

Division

1.91

2.31

1.21

1.93

1.01

Modulo

2.10

2.26

1.08

2.08

0.99
Table 57. 16-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint16_t)
Operation std::uint16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.91

2.08

1.09

1.91

1.00

Subtraction

1.91

2.12

1.11

1.91

1.00

Multiplication

1.91

2.08

1.09

2.26

1.18

Division

2.31

2.12

0.92

2.26

0.97

Modulo

1.91

2.26

1.18

2.33

1.22
Table 58. 32-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint32_t)
Operation std::uint32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.93

1.91

0.99

1.56

0.81

Subtraction

1.91

1.93

1.01

1.56

0.82

Multiplication

1.56

1.91

1.22

1.91

1.22

Division

1.86

1.91

1.03

1.91

1.03

Modulo

1.91

1.93

1.01

1.93

1.01
Table 59. 64-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint64_t)
Operation std::uint64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.91

1.91

1.00

1.91

1.00

Subtraction

1.91

1.56

0.82

1.91

1.00

Multiplication

1.93

2.33

1.21

2.78

1.44

Division

2.10

2.12

1.01

2.10

1.00

Modulo

2.33

2.26

0.97

2.33

1.00
Table 60. 128-bit unsigned (ratio relative to uint128_t)
Operation uint128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.43

3.13

1.29

Subtraction

2.60

3.13

1.20

Multiplication

3.47

12.15

3.50

Division

2.89

10.82

3.74

Modulo

4.17

3.91

0.94

Windows x86 (32-bit)

Run on the GitHub Actions windows-latest runner using MSVC targeting 32-bit x86 in release mode (/O2, C++20).

Floating-Point

Table 61. 32-bit floating point (ratio relative to float)
Operation float (ns/op) boost::sn::f32 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

3.65

6.37

1.75

Subtraction

3.65

6.37

1.75

Multiplication

3.82

6.37

1.67

Division

3.82

6.94

1.82
Table 62. 64-bit floating point (ratio relative to double)
Operation double (ns/op) boost::sn::f64 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

3.82

13.89

3.64

Subtraction

3.91

13.89

3.56

Multiplication

3.65

13.89

3.81

Division

3.82

17.36

4.55

Signed Integers

Table 63. 8-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int8_t)
Operation std::int8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.60

3.47

1.33

2.78

1.07

Subtraction

2.43

3.13

1.29

2.78

1.14

Multiplication

3.47

2.78

0.80

2.78

0.80

Division

2.78

3.82

1.38

2.78

1.00

Modulo

3.47

3.65

1.05

2.78

0.80
Table 64. 16-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int16_t)
Operation std::int16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.08

2.70

1.30

2.12

1.02

Subtraction

1.87

9.77

5.23

2.12

1.14

Multiplication

2.10

2.12

1.01

2.10

1.00

Division

2.08

2.43

1.17

2.43

1.17

Modulo

2.08

2.78

1.33

2.51

1.20
Table 65. 32-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int32_t)
Operation std::int32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.08

2.43

1.17

2.12

1.02

Subtraction

1.91

2.43

1.27

2.43

1.27

Multiplication

1.93

2.43

1.26

2.78

1.44

Division

2.33

2.43

1.04

2.26

0.97

Modulo

2.26

2.43

1.08

2.10

0.93
Table 66. 64-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int64_t)
Operation std::int64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.78

5.21

1.87

3.65

1.31

Subtraction

2.78

5.08

1.83

3.65

1.31

Multiplication

4.30

8.33

1.94

8.33

1.94

Division

5.73

6.37

1.11

6.39

1.12

Modulo

4.97

6.39

1.29

5.68

1.14
Table 67. 128-bit signed (ratio relative to int128_t)
Operation int128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

8.68

12.15

1.40

Subtraction

8.79

12.15

1.38

Multiplication

19.10

62.50

3.27

Division

26.04

31.25

1.20

Modulo

26.04

31.25

1.20

Unsigned Integers

Table 68. 8-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint8_t)
Operation std::uint8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.78

3.09

1.11

2.78

1.00

Subtraction

2.70

3.13

1.16

2.78

1.03

Multiplication

3.65

2.95

0.81

2.78

0.76

Division

3.13

3.82

1.22

2.60

0.83

Modulo

3.47

3.82

1.10

2.78

0.80
Table 69. 16-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint16_t)
Operation std::uint16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.33

2.57

1.10

2.08

0.89

Subtraction

2.10

2.26

1.08

2.08

0.99

Multiplication

2.08

2.12

1.02

2.89

1.39

Division

2.26

2.60

1.15

2.08

0.92

Modulo

2.08

2.78

1.33

2.10

1.01
Table 70. 32-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint32_t)
Operation std::uint32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.08

2.33

1.12

2.12

1.02

Subtraction

2.08

2.33

1.12

2.08

1.00

Multiplication

1.93

2.08

1.08

2.33

1.21

Division

2.10

2.12

1.01

2.10

1.00

Modulo

2.12

2.08

0.98

2.10

0.99
Table 71. 64-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint64_t)
Operation std::uint64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.78

3.13

1.12

3.82

1.38

Subtraction

2.78

3.13

1.12

3.13

1.12

Multiplication

4.17

23.44

5.62

7.81

1.87

Division

5.21

5.68

1.09

5.79

1.11

Modulo

4.69

4.97

1.06

4.69

1.00
Table 72. 128-bit unsigned (ratio relative to uint128_t)
Operation uint128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

7.03

15.63

2.22

Subtraction

7.81

17.36

2.22

Multiplication

15.63

70.31

4.50

Division

13.89

31.25

2.25

Modulo

13.89

31.25

2.25

Windows ARM64

Run on the GitHub Actions windows-11-arm runner using MSVC in release mode (/O2, C++20).

Floating-Point

Table 73. 32-bit floating point (ratio relative to float)
Operation float (ns/op) boost::sn::f32 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.10

2.78

1.32

Subtraction

2.10

3.13

1.49

Multiplication

2.12

2.78

1.31

Division

2.12

3.52

1.66
Table 74. 64-bit floating point (ratio relative to double)
Operation double (ns/op) boost::sn::f64 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.08

3.13

1.50

Subtraction

2.10

3.13

1.49

Multiplication

2.08

3.13

1.50

Division

2.08

3.65

1.75

Signed Integers

Table 75. 8-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int8_t)
Operation std::int8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Subtraction

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Multiplication

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Division

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.91

1.10

Modulo

1.91

1.93

1.01

1.91

1.00
Table 76. 16-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int16_t)
Operation std::int16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Subtraction

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Multiplication

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Division

1.74

1.91

1.10

2.08

1.20

Modulo

1.93

1.93

1.00

2.08

1.08
Table 77. 32-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int32_t)
Operation std::int32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Subtraction

1.74

1.91

1.10

1.74

1.00

Multiplication

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Division

1.74

1.91

1.10

1.93

1.11

Modulo

2.12

1.91

0.90

2.08

0.98
Table 78. 64-bit signed (ratio relative to std::int64_t)
Operation std::int64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<int64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Subtraction

1.91

1.74

0.91

1.74

0.91

Multiplication

1.74

4.30

2.47

5.21

3.00

Division

1.74

1.91

1.10

1.91

1.10

Modulo

2.08

2.08

1.00

2.08

1.00
Table 79. 128-bit signed (ratio relative to int128_t)
Operation int128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::i128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.78

3.13

1.12

Subtraction

2.78

2.78

1.00

Multiplication

4.17

22.57

5.42

Division

7.10

7.81

1.10

Modulo

7.81

8.33

1.07

Unsigned Integers

Table 80. 8-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint8_t)
Operation std::uint8_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u8 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint8_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Subtraction

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Multiplication

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Division

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.91

1.10

Modulo

1.91

1.91

1.00

1.93

1.01
Table 81. 16-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint16_t)
Operation std::uint16_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u16 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint16_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Subtraction

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Multiplication

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Division

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.91

1.10

Modulo

1.93

1.91

0.99

2.08

1.08
Table 82. 32-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint32_t)
Operation std::uint32_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u32 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint32_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Subtraction

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Multiplication

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Division

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Modulo

2.10

2.12

1.01

2.08

0.99
Table 83. 64-bit unsigned (ratio relative to std::uint64_t)
Operation std::uint64_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u64 (ns/op) Ratio safe<uint64_t> (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Subtraction

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.74

1.00

Multiplication

1.74

1.74

1.00

5.21

3.00

Division

1.74

1.74

1.00

1.91

1.10

Modulo

2.12

2.12

1.00

2.08

0.98
Table 84. 128-bit unsigned (ratio relative to uint128_t)
Operation uint128_t (ns/op) boost::sn::u128 (ns/op) Ratio

Addition

2.26

2.60

1.15

Subtraction

2.26

2.43

1.08

Multiplication

2.43

19.10

7.86

Division

4.30

4.97

1.16

Modulo

4.69

5.68

1.21
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